The Solution for Water Hammer
‘ Water hammer’ is a very specific plumbing noise, it’s a pressure surge or shock wave that is created when water moving through a pipe is force to either stop or change direction suddenly. For example, a ninety-degree pipe bend or union would cause this. Water hammer often occurs when a dishwasher, washing machine, toilet, or faucet shuts off water flow suddenly. This produces a loud bang or banging sound. The shock waves of the bang(ing) travel faster than the speed of sound and can create a great deal of pressures. Over time, water hammer effect can damage pipes, valves and even weaken pipe joints.
A solution to the water hammer problem, in more modern homes, is to install devices called air chambers. The chambers or cushions are filled with air, they absorb the shockwaves. The problem is that over time these devices often become partly or completely filled with water. This happens because the air, over time, is absorbed by the water, and water takes the lost air’s place.
The sudden onset of water hammer in a home is generally a sign that its plumbing’s air chambers have filled with so much water that they aren’t working anymore. It’s possible to fix the problem if the affected chamber(s) can be located. First, the water needs to be turned off at a point before it reaches the affected chamber(s), then the problem valve or faucet needs to be opened to allow all the water in it to be drained. Air will replace it and restore the cushion.
If water hammer suddenly starts, it’s often because one or more of a home’s air chambers have filled with so much water that they no longer work. It’s possible that they can be repaired instead of replaced. First the waterlogged air chamber(s) must be located. The water supply needs to be turned off prior to reaching the chamber(s), then the faucets and valves ahead of the chamber(s) need to be opened to allow the water in the pipe and chamber to drain. Air will then flow into the chamber restoring it.
If a home doesn’t have air chambers built into its plumbing system, reducing the overall water pressure might be a solution. This can be done by installing pressure-reducing valves in the water supply lines. But this might not work because the water pressure might be too low for second and third floor faucets and toilets to work properly. Another solution is to install air chambers, may current models have built-in valves for letting their air refill.
Other than damage caused by the affected pipe’s breaking, water hammer isn’t usually dangerous. It is important though to have a professional evaluate your problem and to help determine what will be needed to fix it.
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